SSO: The Uptrend Since The October Bottom Continues (Technical And Intermarket Analysis)

Thesis

SPX is in an uptrend since the October low. Although the market suffered a substantial decline in February and a Bank crisis in March, so far the uptrend is intact. I will support the thesis with two arguments, one with Technical Analysis of the SPY price chart, and another with Intermarket Analysis using a Market Risk Indicator.

Technical Analysis – Bullish Cross

The SPY chart shows that the 50-day MA made a bullish cross above the 200-day MA in the last week of January. Currently, the price of SPY is above both the 50-day and the 200-day MA.

Intermarket Analysis – Momentum Market Risk Indicator is ON

To determine the market state, we evaluate the total return of some assets over an evaluation period. The following four conditions are indicative of a risk-on market:

1. r(DBB) – r(UUP) > TH1
2. r(RCD) – r(RHS) > TH2
3. r(XLI) – r(XLU) > TH3
4. r(SLV) – r(GLD) > TH4

Based on the returns of the eight ETFs shown above, the market state is classified as (1) risk-on, (2) risk-off, and (3) risk-neutral.

Currently, the first three conditions are currently satisfied and the indicator is risk-on. This indicator has been risk-on since December 2.

AMI Strategy

The Market Risk Indicator is used in my “Adaptive Momentum Investing” marketplace service.

When the markets are risk-on, the strategy is invested 100% in risky assets.

When the markets are risk-off, the strategy invests all the funds in the top one or two ETF from the following list.

[‘IEI’,’IEF’,’TLT’,’DBC’,’UUP’]

When the markets are risk-NEUTRAL, the strategy invests all the funds equally divided in the assets of the following list.

[‘XLP’,’XLV’]

Applications

The thesis of this article is that when the markets are in risk-on state, it is more profitable to invest in leveraged funds than in non-leveraged. We will show simulation results made with the Portfolio Visualizer application on two portfolio variants, one investing in SPY, another in the corresponding 2X leveraged fund SSO.

The Single SPY Portfolio

Here I will show the simulation of the strategy in managing a simple broad market portfolio, called “Single SPY”.

When the markets are risk-on, the strategy is invested 100% in SPY.

The table below shows the summary performance of the portfolios for simulations from 11/1/2007 to 3/31/2023.

Click to enlarge

More details of the performance can be seen in the following PDF report generated by the Portfolio Visualizer application.

SingleSPY.pdf

Below are three charts: (1) portfolio growth, (2) the chart bar of annual returns and (3) the chart of drawdowns.

SingleSPY portfolio growth:

SingleSPY annual returns:

SingleSPY drawdowns:

The Single SSO Leveraged Portfolio

Exactly the same strategy is applied to a portfolio that invests 100% in SSO, the 2X leveraged ETF of the S&P 500 index. This portfolio invests equally in XLP and XLV during risk-NEUTRAL states, and in the same top risk-OFF asset as the Single SPY portfolio.

The table below shows the summary performance of the portfolios for simulations from 11/1/2007 to 3/31/2023.

Click to enlarge

More details of the performance can be seen in the following PDF report generated by the Portfolio Visualizer application.

SingleSSO.pdf

Below are three charts: (1) portfolio growth, (2) the chart bar of annual returns and (3) the chart of drawdowns.

SingleSSO portfolio growth:

SingleSSO annual returns:

SingleSSO drawdowns:

Observations

The two portfolios, non-leveraged SPY and leveraged SSO perform similarly better than their buy-and-hold counterparts. Both achieve substantially higher returns at substantially lower drawdowns.

Additionally, their risk-adjusted returns as shown by their Sharpe and Sortino ratios are almost identical.

Conclusion

The S&P500 index made a bear market bottom in October and is in an uptrend since then.

SPY and SSO are rated as BUY.

Risk Warning

The following warning is provided by ProShares.

ProShares Ultra SSO seeks a return that is 2x the return of its index (target) for a single day, as measured from one NAV calculation to the next. Due to the compounding of daily returns, holding periods of greater than one day can result in returns that are significantly different than the target return and ProShares’ returns over periods other than one day will likely differ in amount and possibly direction from the target return for the same period. These effects may be more pronounced in funds with larger or inverse multiples and in funds with volatile benchmarks. Investors should monitor their holdings as frequently as daily. Investors should consult the prospectus for further details on the calculation of the returns and the risks associated with investing in this product.

Here is a detailed message from the SEC on the risks inherent in leveraged ETFs.